Block execution

The block-level state transition function (YP §11): everything that turns a parent state and a new block into a validation verdict and a post-state. A block executes as pre-execution system calls, the transactions in order, and post-execution processing; every intermediate commitment the header claims is recomputed and compared.

• The block driver — block-start system calls, the transaction loop, and gas/blob accounting.
• Protocol system calls — the beacon-root, history, withdrawal, deposit, and consolidation calls protocol upgrades install.
• Payload commitments — transactions root, withdrawals root, and the header's other body commitments.
• Receipts, blooms, and the receipts trie — per- transaction receipts (YP §4.4.1) and their trie.
• The block access list — recording and encoding state accesses (EIP-7928).
• Stateless block validation — executing against a witness instead of a full state.
• The public output — the committed result stream.
• The guest entry point — the top-level program tying the stages together.