RLP

Recursive Length Prefix (YP Appendix B): the positional, length-prefixed encoding of nested byte strings that protocol structures serialize to, and the injective basis of every trie commitment.

• RLP encoding — canonical sizing and an exact-length, scratch-backed encoder.
• RLP decoding — strict cursor traversal, typed scalars, and canonical-form rules.
• Transaction decoding — typed transaction envelopes (EIP-2718) and per-type payload rules.
• Transaction signing, contract addresses, receipts, withdrawals, block headers, state leaves, and the block access list — protocol-specific codecs built from the shared primitives.